BY 

JAMES 


Ex  Libris 
C.  K.  OGDEN 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


The  Nation's  Capital 


BY 

JAMES  BRYCE,  O.  M. 

Ambassador  to  the  United  States  from  Great  Britain 


"All  these  considerations  make  one  feel  how 
great  are  the  opportunities  here  offered  to  you  for 
the  further  adornment  and  beautification  of  this 
city.  Nature  has  done  so  much,  and  you  have, 
yourselves,  already  done  so  much  that  you  are 
called  upon  to  do  more.  You  have  such  a  chance 
offered  to  you  here  for  building  up  a  superb 
capital  that  it  would  be  almost  an  act  of  ingrati- 
tude to  Providence  and  to  history  and  to  the  men 
who  planted  the  city  here  if  you  did  not  use 
the  advantages  that  you  here  enjoy." — Bryce. 


Copyright,  1 91 3,  by 

The  Committee  of  One  Hundred  on  the 
Future  Development  of  Washington,  D.  C. 


PRICE  $1.00 

WASHINGTON,    D.    C. 

BYRON     S.    ADAMS 
1913 


WEST  FRONT  OF  TREASURY  BUILDING.  LOOKING  SOUTH 


CONTENTS 

Introduction W.  P.  STAFFORD 

Address JAMES  BRYCE 


Editor 
GLENN  BROWN 


Illustrations  with  titles  by 
A.  G.  ROBINSON 


AN  ADDRESS 

BY 

JAMES  BRYCE,  O.  M. 

With  an  Introductory  Address  by  Mr.  Justice  Wendell 

Phillips  Stafford,  of  the  Supreme  Court 

of  the  District  of  Columbia 


DELIVERED  BEFORE  THE  COMMITTEE  OF  ONE  HUNDRED  ON 
THE  FUTURE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  WASHINGTON  AT  THE  RESI- 
DENCE OF  ARTHUR  JEFFREY  PARSONS.  Esq..  FEBRUARY  27.  1913 


GEORGETOWN    UNIVERSITY 


INTRODUCTION  OF 
AMBASSADOR   BRYCE 

BY 

MR.  JUSTICE  WENDELL  PHILLIPS  STAFFORD 


'  Through  the  leafu  allies  and  arches  green. "— F.  W.  Faber. 


INTRODUCTION 

BY 

MR.  JUSTICE  WENDELL  PHILLIPS  STAFFORD 


if 


P,  ELLOW  MEMBERS  and  Guests  of  the 
Committee  of  One  Hundred:  I  am 
not  here  to  introduce  the  distin- 
guished speaker,  for  he  is  far  better 
known  to  you  than  I,  but  to  perform 
as  best  I  may  the  task,  at  once  tempt- 
|  ing  and  difficult,  of  saying  a  few 
words  by  way  of  preface  to  the 
real  address  of  the  evening,  which 
we  have  all  come  to  hear. 

After  nine  years  in  Washington, 
I  find  that  my  love  and  admira- 
tion for  this  inspiring  city,  which  I 
brought  with  me  when  I  came,  have  grown  deeper  and  more 
rich,  and  that  my  hopes  and  wishes  for  its  future  have  taken 
larger  and  more  definite  outline  as  I  have  come  to  see  more 
clearly  what  the  national  capital  may  one  day  be.  This  ideal 
which  has  already  fashioned  itself  in  my  own  mind  I  offer 
you — not  because  it  is  mine,  but  because  I  venture  to  think 
it  may  be  much  the  same  as  that  of  multitudes  of  others,  and 
for  that  reason  entitled  to  attention  and  respect. 

The  capital  of  a  nation,  though  it  may  lie,  as  ours  does, 
at  the  level  of  the  sea,  must  be  in  a  very  true  sense,  a  city  that 
is  set  on  a  hill  and  which  cannot  be  hid.  In  the  nature  of 
things,  it  draws  to  itself  the  eyes  not  only  of  its  own  people, 
but,  if  it  be  the  capital  of  a  great  nation,  as  ours  is,  the  eyes 


[11] 


"  The  yellow  harvests  of  the  ripened  year. " — The  Iliad. 

of  the  whole  world.  If  the  national  domain  be  vast  in  extent, 
belting  a  continent,  embracing  different  zones,  revealing  almost 
every  variety  of  climate  and  production,  with  corresponding 
differences  in  ways  of  life  and  material  interests,  while  at  the 
same  time  it  is  one  by  virtue  of  a  common  national  spirit  and 
ideal,  these  facts  will  only  make  more  impressive,  as  they  cer- 
tainly will  make  more  necessary,  that  sentiment  of  awe  and 
majesty  that  should  surround  and  invest  the  seat  of  govern- 
mental power.  And  if  this  magnificent  domain  be  the  home 
of  nearly  half  a  hundred  separate  republics,  each  having  its 
own  history  and  traditions,  its  own  pride  of  place,  subordinate 
only  to  those  of  the  nation — not  a  few  of  them  great  enough 
in  individual  wealth  and  power  to  constitute  nations  by  them- 
selves, and  having  each  its  own  capital,  often  beautiful  and 
beloved — then  it  is  all  the  more  essential  that  this  CAPITAL 

ri2i 


OF  CAPITALS  should  be  no  mean  city,  but  worthy  in  every 
respect  to  dominate  them  all. 

The  natural  sentiment  of  men  in  these  conditions  will  tend 
to  make  reverend  and  august  the  capital  of  such  a  country, 
wherever  it  may  be  placed  and  whatever  its  separate  history 
may  have  been.  But  if  in  fact  it  be  almost  coeval  with  the 
Republic  itself,  if  it  have  been  founded  by  the  idolized  Father 
of  his  Country  and  bear  his  name,  if  it  have  been  for  upwards 
of  a  century  the  scene  of  historic  events  that  have  determined 
the  fate  of  the  nation,  if  it  swarm  with  memories  of  statesmen 
and  heroes  and  martyrs,  if  no  one  can  look  upon  it  without 
recalling  a  Titanic  struggle  for  its  possession  which  marshaled 
men  by  the  million,  sprinkled  the  whole  land  with  blood,  and 
finally  gave  that  land,  as  Lincoln  declared,  "a  new  birth  of 
freedom,"  then  I  say  it  may  well  be,  and  surely  must  become,  a 
Mecca  for  the  feet  of  patriots  as  long  as  the  nation  shall  endure. 

Whether  we  will  it  so  or  not,  it  will  become  a  symbol — 
a  symbol  of  the  great  Republic  whose  visible  throne  is  here. 
For  imagination  is  not  dead  and  cannot  die;  and  the  way  of 
men  in  all  ages  is  to  make  symbols,  and  to  cling  to  them  when 
they  are  made.  It  is  wisdom,  then,  to  see  that  the  symbol 
shall  be  worthy  of  the  love  and  veneration  it  expresses,  that 
it  may  in  turn  strengthen  love  and  deepen  veneration  for  the 
reality  which  it  shadows  forth.  Who  shall  say  that  the  multi- 
tudes that  come  and  go  shall  not  bear  away  in  their  bosoms  a 
loftier  conception  of  their  country,  a  juster  pride  in  its  history, 
a  firmer  faith  in  its  principles,  a  brighter  hope  for  its  future, 
and  a  more  steadfast  purpose  to  make  that  future  what  it  ought 
to  be,  if  they  behold  here  a  city  which  is  the  outward  and 
visible  sign  of  the  inward  and  spiritual  life  of  a  free  and  ad- 
vancing people?  Not  a  dollar  is  wasted  that  is  carefully 

[13] 


CANAL,  NEAR  CABIN  JOHN 


devoted  to  that  use.  When  you  throw  a  noble  bridge  across 
this  river  it  will  be  an  arm  to  draw  the  South  and  North  together. 
It  will  not  only  symbolize  reunion,  it  will  serve  to  make  reunion 
surer  and  more  lasting.  For  the  masses  of  mankind  learn  by 
what  they  look  upon  even  more  than  by  what  they  hear  or 
what  they  read.  When  they  look  upon  that  structure  they 
will  feel  the  impulse  of  the  fraternal  love  that  put  it  there. 
Their  hearts  will  tell  them  what  it  means.  It  will  need  no 
inscription.  They  will  see  North  and  South  clasping  hands,  in 
the  shadow  of  Washington's  monument  and  under  the  fatherly 
eyes  of  Lincoln,  who  loved  and  would  have  saved  them  both. 

To  serve  its  highest  purpose  in  this  kind,  the  city,  then, 
must  be  a  work  of  art — not  a  loose  gathering  of  various  works 
of  art,  but  one  work.  How  can  this  be,  without  observance 
of  the  first  principle  of  art — unity?  Unity  of  ideal  and  unity 
of  design — these  we  must  have,  unless  we  are  to  be  satisfied 
with  a  mere  collection  of  separate  and  inharmonious  attempts. 
That  is  the  idea,  that  is  the  truth,  that  has  united  us  and  called 
this  Committee  into  being.  Upon  the  success  of  our  endeavors, 
or  the  endeavors  of  others  inspired  by  the  same  principle, 
the  success  of  the  enterprise  depends.  To  have  some  part, 
however  small,  in  securing  the  realization  of  this  ideal  is  a 
privilege  and  will  be  a  joy  and  pride  to  us  and  to  those  who 
shall  come  after. 

And  now,  without  longer  standing  between  you  and  the 
pleasure  you  anticipate,  I  yield  the  floor  to  our  most  welcome 
guest,  whose  wide  experience  in  other  lands,  whose  knowledge 
of  this  country  and  appreciation  of  its  institutions,  together 
with  his  deep  and  generous  interest  in  Washington  itself,  so 
eminently  fit  him  to  be  our  guide  in  such  a  field — Mr.  Bryce. 
(Applause.) 

[15] 


'Hill,  dale,  and  shady  wood,  and  sunny  plains,  and  liquid  lapse  of  murmuring  streams. " — John  Milton. 


ADDRESS 

BY 

AMBASSADOR  JAMES  BRYCE 


ROCK    CREEK 
"  The  water  runs  siei/tlu  and  there  are  ripples  in  the  stream. " — Bryce. 


THE   NATION'S   CAPITAL 


By  AMBASSADOR  JAMES  BRYCE 


R.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 
My  only  excuse  for  being  present  and 
being  bold  enough  to  say  a  few 
words  to  you  this  evening  is  the  de- 
sire expressed  by  a  certain  number 
of  my  friends  who  belong  to  your 
body,  and  some  of  whom  I  see  here 
tonight,  that  I  should  give  you  the 
impressions  of  a  visitor  who,  having 
seen  something  of  the  capitals  of 
other  countries  and  having  spent  six 
happy  and  interesting  years  in  Wash- 
ington, and  having  grown  always 
more  and  more  interested  in  your  own  plans  for  the  adornment 
of  Washington,  may  possibly  be  able  to  look  at  the  matter 
from  a  somewhat  different  angle  from  that  at  which  most  of 
you  have  seen  it. 

It  is,  I  think,  impossible  for  any  one  who  speaks  our 
common  language,  who  is  familiar  with  your  institutions  and 
history,  who  recognizes  how  much  there  is  in  common  between 
us — your  nation  and  mine — to  live  here  without  becoming  for 
many  purposes — morally  and  intellectually,  and  for  practically 
all  purposes  except,  of  course,  political  purposes — a  citizen 


19 


POTOMAC   RIVER,  ABOVE  CHAIN   BRIDGE 
"Murmuring  ooer  a  rockv  bed. " — Bryce. 

of  the  United  States.  That  does  not  prevent  him,  I  need  hardly 
say,  from  remaining  a  patriotic  citizen  of  his  own  country.  He 
is  exempt  from  the  duty  from  which,  indeed,  you  are  all  exempt 
in  the  District  of  Columbia — of  casting  a  vote — and  from  the 
other  duty  of  getting  on  the  platform  to  give  his  political  views 
to  his  fellow-countrymen;  but  in  every  other  respect  his  resi- 
dence here  gives  him  all  the  advantages  which  you  have,  in 
being  able  to  follow  the  ins  and  outs  of  your  politics  and  to 
appreciate  the  surprising  changes  which  the  whirligig  of  time 
brings  about. 

Taking  so  keen  an  interest  as  I  do  in  the  welfare  of  the 
United  States,  I  have  often  felt  it  somewhat  difficult  to  refrain 
from  offering  advice  which  was  not  asked  for.  I  trust  that  I 

[20] 


have  always  refrained,  but  in  this  particular  case  the  observa- 
tions— I  will  not  call  them  advice — the  observations  on  the  city 
of  Washington  and  what  can  be  done  for  it  have  been  asked 
for,  and  if  you  find  they  are  only  what  you  knew  before,  do 
not  altogether  blame  me,  but  lay  it  to  the  misjudgment  of 
the  too  kind  friends  who  have  asked  me  to  come  upon  the 
platform. 

It  is  impossible  to  live  in  Washington  and  not  be  struck 
by  some  peculiar  features  and  some  peculiar  beauties  which 
your  city  possesses.  In  the  first  place,  its  site  has  a  great  deal 
that  is  admirable  and  charming.  There  is  rising  ground  inclo- 
sing on  all  sides  a  level  space,  and  so  making  a  beautiful 
amphitheater,  between  hills  that  are  rich  with  woods,  which  irt 


BELOW  GREAT  FALLS 
"A  rocku  bed  between  bold  height*. " — Bryce. 


GREAT    FALLS 

"No  European  cilu  has  so  noble  a  cataract  in  its  vicinity  as  the  Great  Falls  o/  the  Potomac, 
which  you  will,  of  course,  alwa\-s  preserve." — Bryce. 

many  places,  thanks  to  the  hard  ancient  rocks  of  this  region, 
show  bold  faces  and  give  much  more  striking  effects  than  we 
can  have  in  the  soft,  chalky  or  sandy  hills  which  surround 
London.  Underneath  these  hills  and  running  like  a  silver 
thread  through  the  middle  of  the  valley  is  your  admirable  river. 
The  Potomac  has  two  kinds  of  beauty— the  beauty  of  the  upper 
stream,  murmuring  over  a  rocky  bed  between  bold  heights 
crowned  with  wood,  and  the  beauty  of  the  wide  expanse,  spread 
out  like  a  lake  below  the  city  into  a  vast  sheet  of  silver. 

Besides  all  this,  you  have  behind  Washington  a  charming 
country.  I  am  sometimes  surprised  that  so  few  of  your  resi- 
dents explore  that  country  on  foot.  It  is  only  on  foot  that  you 

[221 


can  appreciate  its  beauties,  for  some  of  the  most  attractive 
paths  are  too  narrow  and  tangled  for  riding.  On  the  north, 
east,  and  west  sides  of  Washington,  and  to  some  extent  on  the 
south,  or  Virginia,  side  also,  although  there  the  difficulties  of 
locomotion  are  greater  on  account  of  the  heavy  mud  in  the 
roads,  the  country  is  singularly  charming,  quite  as  beautiful  as 
that  which  adjoins  any  of  the  great  capital  cities  of  Europe, 
except,  of  course,  Constantinople,  with  its  wonderful  Bosphorus. 

No  European  city  has  so  noble  a  cataract  in  its  vicinity  as 
the  Great  Falls  of  the  Potomac,  a  magnificent  piece  of  scenery 
which  you  will,  of  course,  always  preserve. 

Vienna  has  some  picturesque  country,  hills  and  woods  and 
rocks,  within  a  distance  of  25  or  30  miles.  London  also  has 
very  pleasing  landscapes  of  a  softer  type  within  about  that 
distance;  but  I  know  of  no  great  city  in  Europe  (except  Con- 
stantinople) that  has  quite  close,  in  its  very  environs,  such 


GORGE    BELOW    GREAT    FALLS 
'Between  bold  heights  crowned  with  trees." — Bryce. 

[23] 


beautiful  scenery  as  has  Washington  in  Rock  Creek  Park  and 
in  many  of  the  woods  that  stretch  along  the  Potomac  on  the 
north  and  also  on  the  south  side,  with  the  broad  river  in  the 
center  and  richly  wooded  slopes  descending  boldly  to  it  on 
each  side.  One  may  wander  day  after  day  in  new  walks  all 
through  these  woods  to  the  northwest  and  west  of  the  city. 
One  need  never  take  the  same  walk  twice,  for  there  is  an  end- 
less variety  of  foot-paths,  each  with  its  own  vistas  of  woodland 
beauty. 

Nor  is  Washington  less  charming  in  respect  of  its  interior. 
I  know  of  no  city  in  which  the  trees  seem  to  be  so  much  a  part 
of  the  city  as  Washington.  Nothing  can  be  more  delightful 
than  the  views  up  and  down  the  wider  streets  and  avenues, 
especially  those  that  look  toward  the  setting  sun  or  catch  some 


POTOMAC    RIVER 
"Spread  out  like  a  lake  below  the  city  into  a  vast  iheet  of  silver. "— Bryce. 

[24] 


"  The  beauty  of  a  vide  expanse. " — Bryce. 

glow  of  the  evening  light.  Look  southwestward  down  New 
Hampshire  avenue,  look  northwestward  up  Connecticut  avenue, 
or  even  westward  along  modest  little  N  street,  which  passes  the 
house  where  I  live,  and  whose  vista  is  closed  by  the  graceful 
spire  of  Georgetown  University,  and  you  have  the  most  charming: 
sylvan  views,  and  all  this  is  so  by  reason  of  the  taste  and  fore- 
thought of  those  who  have  administered  the  government  of  the 
city  and  who  have  planted  various  species  of  trees ;  so  that  you 
have  different  kinds  of  sylvan  views.  When  you  want  a  fine, 
bold  effect,  what  could  be  grander  than  16th  street,  with  its 
incline  rising  steeply  to  the  north,  and  the  hills  of  Virginia  as  the 
background,  where  it  falls  gently  away  to  the  south?  There 
are  few  finer  streets  in  any  city. 

[25] 


POTOMAC    RIVER 
"And silver  Tshite  the  river  gleams." — H.  W.  Longfellow. 


I  do  not  mean  to  say  that  there  are  not  many  other  capitals 
in  this  world  to  which  Nature  has  been  even  more  generous. 
You  have  not  a  beautiful  arm  of  the  sea  at  your  doors,  as  has 
Constantinople,  nor  the  magnificent  mountains  that  surround  the 
capitals  of  Rio  Janeiro,  or  Santiago  de  Chile,  nor  such  a  bay,  or 
rather  land-locked  gulf,  as  that  of  San  Francisco,  with  its  splen- 
did passage  out  to  the  ocean;  but  those  are  very  rare  things, 
of  which  there  are  few  in  the  world.  As  capitals  go,  few, 
indeed,  are  so  advantageously  situated  in  respect  to  natural 
charms  as  is  Washington. 

All  these  considerations  make  one  feel  how  great  are  the 
opportunities  here  offered  to  you  for  the  further  adornment  and 
beautification  of  this  city.  Nature  has  done  so  much,  and  you 
have,  yourselves,  already  done  so  much  that  you  are  called  upon 
to  do  more.  You  have  such  a  chance  offered  to  you  here  for 
building  up  a  superb  capital  that  it  would  be  almost  an  act  of 
ingratitude  to  Providence  and  to  history  and  to  the  men  who 
planted  the  city  here  if  you  did  not  use  the  advantages  that  you 
here  enjoy.  (Applause.) 

Perhaps  you  might  like  to  hear  a  few  remarks  on  some 
of  the  other  great  capitals  of  the  world.  Take  Berlin.  It 
stands  in  a  sandy  waste,  perfectly  flat,  with  here  and  there  a 
swampy  pond  or  lake,  and  a  sluggish  stream  meanders  through 
it.  Parts  of  the  environs  have,  however,  been  well  planted 
with  trees,  and  this  redeems  the  city  to  some  extent.  The 
streets  are  now  stately,  adorned  by  many  a  noble  building.  It 
has  become,  through  the  efforts  of  the  government  and  its  own 
citizens,  an  imposing  city ;  but  the  environs  can  never  be  beau- 
tiful, because  Nature  has  been  very  ungracious. 

Take  St.  Petersburg.  St.  Petersburg  has  a  splendid  water 
front  facing  its  grand  river,  the  Neva,  with  its  vast  rush  of  cold 

[271 


"  There  is  an  endleu  variety  of  fool-paths,  each  With  its  own  vistas  of  mood  land  beauty. "—  Bryce. 


green  water,  covered  with  ice  in  winter  and  chilling  the  air,  and 
seeming  to  chill  the  landscape  in  summer.  That,  however,  is 
the  only  beauty  St.  Petersburg  has.  The  country  is  flat  and  in 
many  places  water-logged,  owing  to  numerous  pools  and 
swamps.  It  has  no  natural  attraction  either  in  its  immediate  or 
more  distant  environs,  except  the  stream  of  Neva. 

Paris,  again,  has  some  agreeable  landscapes  within  reach, 
but  nothing  at  all  striking,  nothing  nearly  so  fine  in  the  lines  of 
its  scenery  as  the  hills  that  inclose  the  valley  in  which  Washing- 
ton lies,  and  no  such  charm  of  a  still  wild  forest  as  Washington 
affords.  The  Seine,  too,  is  a  stream  not  to  be  compared  to 
your  Potomac. 

The  same  thing  may  be  said  of  Madrid.  It  stands  on  a 
level,  and  the  mountains  are  too  distant  to  come  effectively  into 
the  landscape,  and  its  only  water  is  a  wretched  little  brooklet 
called  the  Manzanares.  They  tell  a  story  there  about  a  remark 
attributed  to  Alexandre  Dumas  when  he  visited  Madrid.  He 
was  taken  to  the  lofty  bridge  which  spans  the  ravine  at  the 
bottom  of  which  the  rivulet  flows.  The  day  was  hot  and,  being 
thirsty,  he  asked  for  a  glass  of  water.  They  brought  him  the 
water,  and  he  was  about  to  drink,  when  looking  down  and 
catching  sight  of  the  streamlet,  he  said,  "No,  take  it  away;  give 
it  to  that  poor  river;  it  needs  a  drink  more  than  I  do." 

Then  there  is  our  English  London,  which  stands  in  a  rather 
tame  country.  It  is  true  that  there  are  some  charming  bits  of 
quiet  and  pretty  rural  scenery  in  Surrey  and  Sussex,  within  a 
distance  of  from  20  to  30  miles,  and  there  are  pleasing  beech 
"woods  covering  the  chalky  hills  of  Bucks.  Yet  Nature  has  done 
nothing  for  London  comparable  to  what  she  has  done  for  Wash- 
ington. The  Thames,  although  it  fills  up  pretty  well  at  high 

[29] 


Who  cares  whither  afoot-path  leads?      The  charm  is  in  the  foot-path  itself, 
its  promise  of  something  that  the  high-road  cannot  yield. " 

— Thomas  W.  Higginson. 


tide,  is  nowise  comparable  for  volume  or  beauty  of  surround- 
ings to  your  own  Potomac. 

These  cities  I  have  named  have,  however,  something  that 
you  have  not  and  cannot  have  for  many  a  year  to  come.  They 
are — and  this  applies  especially  to  London  and  Paris — ancient 
cities.  They  have  still,  in  spite  of  the  destroying  march  of 
modern  improvements,  a  certain  number  of  picturesque  build- 
ings, crooked  old  streets,  stately  churches,  and  spots  hallowed 
by  the  names  of  famous  men  who  were  born  there  or  died  there 
or  did  their  work  there.  You  are  still  in  the  early  days  of 
your  history  and  are  only  beginning  to  accumulate  historic  mem- 
ories which  in  four  or  five  centuries  will  be  rich  and  charged 
with  meaning  like  those  of  European  cities. 

But  in  every  other  respect  you  have  in  Washington  advan- 


' Green  winding  walks  and  shady  pathways  sweet. " — Charles  Lamb. 

[31] 


ROCK    CREEK    PARK 


tages  which  these  European  cities  do  not  possess.  If  you  want 
to  make  any  large  street  improvement  in  London  or  Pans  it  is 
a  most  costly  business.  The  land  is  very  dear.  You  cannot 
easily  disturb  the  old  lines  of  streets  and  the  drains  and  water 
pipes  and  telephone  lines  that  lie  under  them.  Every  improve- 
ment that  has  to  be  made  in  a  city  like  London  has  to  be  made 
at  a  cost  so  heavy  that  where  it  is  added  to  the  necessary 
expenses  of  maintaining  modern  appliances  and  carrying  out 
sanitary  regulations  in  an  old  city  the  cost  is  almost  prohibitory. 
But  here  you  have  still  plenty  of  space,  and  though  the  city  is 
extending  very  fast  on  almost  all  sides,  still,  if  you  take  fore- 
thought and  consider  your  future,  you  can  lay  out  the  tracts 
over  which  Washington  is  beginning  to  spread  in  a  way  that 
will  have  results  far  more  beautiful  than  are  attainable  in  the 

[32] 


growing  parts  of  London  and  Paris,  where  land  is  so  expensive. 
London  and  Berlin  and  Paris  are  crowded  and  you  are  not  yet 
crowded.  You  have  still  elbow  room  here  to  do  what  you 
want. 

You  possess  another  great  advantage  in  not  being  a  large 
commercial  or  manufacturing  city.  If  you  had  manufactures 
you  would  have  tall  chimneys  and,  as  it  seems  impossible  to 
enforce  an  anti-smoke  law  in  a  manufacturing  city,  you  would 
have  black  smoke,  which  would  spoil  the  appearance  of  your 
finer  buildings,  especially  those  constructed  of  limestone  or 
sandstone,  the  soot  clinging  to  them  as  it  does  now  to  West- 
minster Abbey  and  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  in  London.  You  would 
not  have  the  same  satisfaction  in  making  things  beautiful.  A 
murky  cloud  would  hang  thick  and  dark  over  your  city  as  it 
does  over  Pittsburgh  and  Chicago.  Moreover,  your  streets 
would  be  overcrowded  and  difficulties  of  rapid  transit  would 
arise.  With  a  much  larger  population,  ideas  of  beauty  would 
have  to  give  way  to  those  of  commercial  interests,  whereas  here 
the  pressure  of  commerce  is  not  such  as  to  interfere  with  your 
ideals  of  beauty  and  convenience. 

With  all  these  advantages  before  you  in  Washington,  and 
with  the  bottomless  purse  of  Uncle  Sam  behind  you — I  am 
coming  presently  to  the  use  that  Uncle  Sam's  representatives 
may  make  of  his  purse  for  your  benefit,  but  in  the  meantime 
we  may  assume  it  is  an  inexhaustible  purse,  because  we  know 
how  much  money  he  is  able  to  spend  upon  objects  that  are  cer- 
tainly of  no  more  importance  than  the  beautification  of  Wash- 
ington— with  all  those  advantages  ready  to  your  hand,  what 
may  you  not  make  of  Washington?  What  may  you  not  make 
of  a  city  which  is  dedicated  entirely  to  politics  and  government 
and  society? 

[33] 


"  The  Wild  delight  of  woodland  ways.  "—John  G.  Whittier. 


[34] 


Mr.  Henry  James,  in  one  of  his  interesting  and  subtle 
studies  of  modern  American  life,  called  Washington  the  City  of 
Conversation.  That  is  a  happy  characterization,  having  regard 
not  only  to  Congress  and  politics,  but  also  to  all  the  interesting 
talk  that  goes  on  here  about  science  in  the  Cosmos  Club,  and 
elsewhere  about  many  things  that  are  neither  scientific  nor 
concerned  with  any  kind  of  work.  Washington  is  in  a  peculiar 
sense  consecrated  to  society  and  to  the  lighter  charms  of  life; 
in  fact,  to  all  these  things  which  make  the  delight  of  human 
intercourse;  and  therefore  it  is  especially  fitting  that  it  should 
be  able  to  live  without  the  continual  intrusion  of  those  mighty 
factors  of  modern  life — industrial  production  and  commercial 
exchange — which  dominate  most  of  the  cities  of  this  continent 
and  indeed  most  of  the  great  cities  of  the  modern  world. 
From  all  that  in  Washington  you  are  free,  and  it  is  fortunate 
you  are  free,  because  you  are  able  to  make  a  city  of  a  different 
kind,  a  city  of  a  novel  type,  a  city  to  which  there  will  be  nothing 
like  in  this  country  and  hardly  anything  like  in  any  other  country. 

It  was,  we  shall  all  agree,  an  act  of  wisdom  on  the  part 
of  the  founders  of  the  Republic  when  they  determined  to  plant 
its  capital  in  a  place  where  there  was  not  already  a  city  and 
where  there  was  no  great  likelihood  that  either  commerce  or 
industry  conducted  on  a  great  scale  would  arise.  It  is  true 
that  one  of  the  reasons  assigned  for  choosing  this  spot  was  that 
here  was  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Potomac,  and  that  the 
spot  would  be  a  good  commercial  center  for  supplying  the 
back  country.  Fortunately,  that  has  not  turned  out  to  be  so. 
The  trade  of  Washington  is  not,  and  is  not  likely  to  be,  a  dis- 
turbing element. 

It  was  wise  to  have  the  Capital  City,  the  seat  of  the  legis- 
lative, executive,  and  judicial  branches  of  the  government, 

[351 


7  know  of  no  city  in  which  the  trees  seem  to  be  so  much  a  part  of  the  city  as 
Washington. " — Bryce. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   AVENUE 
"  Where  a  woven  roof  keeps  the  prying  sun  aloof. " — E.  C.  Stedman. 

removed  from  the  influences  of  an  immense  population.  You 
are  a  great  deal  better  here  for  the  purposes  of  conducting 
your  politics  in  a  calm  and  deliberate,  a  thoughtful  and  a  phil- 
osophic spirit  than  if  you  were  in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  or 
Chicago.  Your  city,  it  is  true,  is  large  and  growing  larger,  but 
it  is  not  likely  to  be  the  home  of  any  vast,  excitable,  industrial 
population  such  as  is  growing  up  in  these  other  cities.  It  is  not 
receiving  those  crowds  of  immigrants  which  are  making  New 
York,  Chicago,  and,  to  a  less  extent,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Mil- 
waukee and  St.  Louis  almost  as  much  foreign  as  American. 

In  these  circumstances,  may  not  the  city  of  Washington 
feel  that  its  mission  in  life  is  to  be  the  embodiment  of  the 
majesty  and  the  stateliness  of  the  whole  nation;  to  be,  as  was 
well  said  by  the  previous  speaker,  a  capital  of  capitals,  a  capital 

[37] 


of  the  whole  nation,  overtopping  the  capitals  of  the  several 
States  as  much  as  the  nation  overtops  those  States,  representing 
all  that  is  finest  in  American  conception,  all  that  is  largest  and 
most  luminous  in  American  thought,  embodying  the  nation's 
ideal  of  what  the  capital  of  such  a  nation  should  be.  This  it 
should  accomplish  partly  by  the  stateliness  and  number  and 
local  disposition  of  its  edifices;  but  above  all  by  their  beauty. 
What  one  desires  is  that  this  Capital  City  should  represent  the 
highest  aspirations  as  to  external  dignity  and  beauty  that  a  great 
people  can  form  for  that  which  is  the  center  and  focus  of  their 
national  life,  and  there  is  in  the  effort  to  do  this  here  nothing 
to  disparage  the  greatness  of  other  American  cities  which  have 
much  larger  populations  and  larger  pecuniary  resources. 

Paris  is  the  most  striking  instance  in  the  modern  world  of 


THE   DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  AMERICAN    REVOLUTION    BUILDING 


[38] 


a  capital  that  has  exercised  a  powerful  influence  on  a  great 
country.  Some  have  thought  its  influence  was  too  great,  for  it 
used  to  be  the  home  not  only  of  art,  but  also  of  revolution. 
Paris  sometimes  assumed  for  all  France  the  right  of  saying  what 
form  of  government  France  should  have  and  who  should  hold 
the  reins  of  power;  but  notwithstanding  that,  we  must  not 
ignore  the  great  things  Paris  has  done  for  France.  In  polishing 
the  language,  in  forming  a  brilliant  type  of  social  life,  and  in 
being  the  center  of  the  literary  and  artistic  culture  which  has 
been  radiated  out  over  the  whole  country,  Paris  has  done  won- 
ders. But  an  even  more  striking  instance  of  what  a  city  can  do 
is  to  be  found  in  the  ancient  world;  it  is  the  instance  of 
Athens.  You  all  remember  that  wonderful  speech  in  which  the 
greatest  of  Athenian  statesmen  described  what  his  city  did  for 
Greece,  not  only  for  the  narrow  territory  of  Attica,  but  for  the 
whole  of  Greece.  He  showed  how  his  city  had  made  itself  the 
finest  embodiment  of  the  Hellenic  spirit.  The  highest  creative 
talent  in  literature  and  art  was  concentrated  in  that  one  spot, 
where  every  intellectual  influence  played  upon  and  refined 
every  other;  and  as  Athens  represented  the  finest  embodiment 
of  ancient  culture,  so  you  would  like  Washington  to  represent 
your  American  ideals.  You  would  like  it  to  give  by  its  external 
splendor  a  sort  of  esthetic  education  to  the  people.  You  would 
like  it  to  be  a  model  of  other  cities,  a  model  which  the  capitals 
of  the  greater  States  may  all  seek  to  vie  with,  as  most  of  these 
States  have  already  imitated,  in  the  construction  of  their  State 
capitols,  the  Capitol  at  Washington.  What  you  want  is  to  have 
a  city  which  every  one  who  comes  from  Maine,  Texas,  Florida, 
Arkansas,  or  Oregon  can  admire  as  being  something  finer  and 
more  beautiful  than  he  had  ever  dreamed  of  before ;  something 
which  makes  him  even  more  proud  to  be  an  American;  some- 

[39] 


MAINE  AVENUE 


thing  which  makes  him  wish  to  diffuse  the  same  ideas  of  beauty 
through  his  own  State  as  he  sees  set  forth  in  visible  form  here. 
(Applause.) 

You  wish  to  have  not  only  beautiful  buildings,  but  you 
want  to  have  everything  else  that  makes  the  externals  of  life 
attractive  and  charming.  You  wish  to  have  picture  galleries. 
You  wish  to  have  museums.  You  have  made  advances  in  that 
direction  already,  for  you  have  an  admirable  and  constantly 
growing  National  Museum.  You  have  the  beginnings  of  a  fine 
art  gallery,  and  will  doubtless  add  to  it  a  national  portrait 
gallery.  You  have  admirable  scientific  institutions  of  many 
kinds,  some  of  which  will  ultimately  be  housed  in  buildings  finer 
than  they  have  yet  obtained.  Some  of  the  administrative  de- 
partments of  the  government,  especially  the  scientific  depart- 


THE    OCTAGON    HOUSE 


[41] 


VIRGINIA    AVENUE 


ments,  are  organized  on  a  scale  such  as  can  hardly  be  found 
elsewhere. 

You  need  something  more  in  the  way  of  public  halls ;  per- 
haps one  or  two  more  could  well  be  used  besides  those  you 
possess.  But  you  have  some  splendid  new  buildings;  for  in- 
stance, the  new  railway  station,  with  its  two  long  and  noble 
halls,  that  yields  only  to  the  magnificence  of  the  new  Penn- 
sylvania station  in  New  York. 

You  have  also  the  Pan  American  Building.     That  seem* 

[421 


to  me  to  be  one  of  the  most  finished  and  graceful,  one  of  the 
most  happily  conceived  and  skilfully  executed  buildings  that 
has  been  erected  anywhere  within  the  last  30  or  40  years. 

Let  me  add  that  there  is  one  thing  that  is  still  wanting. 
There  ought  to  be  a  great  National  American  University  in  Wash- 
ington. Through  no  fault  either  of  the  professors  or  of  our 
friend,  Admiral  Stockton,  who  presides  with  so  much  wise  care 
over  the  George  Washington  University  here,  that  institution  has 
not  received  those  funds  and  those  buildings  which  are  needed  to 
make  it  worthy  of  the  name  it  bears.  This  is  rather  a  digres- 
sion, but  I  would  like  to  say,  as  I  have  mentioned  the  university, 
that  the  suggestion  that  a  great  central  university  is  needed 
does  not  by  any  means  imply  that  such  an  institution  should  be 
managed  by  the  nation  through  Congress,  or  should  necessarily 
even  receive  from  Congress  the  funds  needed  for  its  support. 
But  you  will  all  agree  that  a  national  capital  ought  to  have  a 
great  university.  It  need  not  be  of  the  same  type  as  the  great 
State  universities,  nor  set  itself  to  do  all  the  things  that  are 
done  in  universities  located  in  or  near  great  cities.  You  have, 
for  instance,  no  great  industrial  establishments  here  calling  for 
a  faculty  of  engineering  or  of  other  practical  arts  on  such  a 
scale  as  those  universities  must  have,  placed  as  they  are,  in 
great  commercial  centers.  What  seems  most  directly  needed  is 
a  university  dedicated  to  three  kinds  of  study — to  theoretic 
science,  to  the  arts  and  the  artistic  side  of  life,  and  to  what  are 
called  the  "human  studies"  of  a  philological,  historical,  and 
political  order.  There  is  of  course  no  reason  why  you  should 
limit  your  aspirations;  but  the  more  immediate  need  in  this 
city  is  not  for  an  institution  fitting  men  to  enter  upon  any  kind 
of  technical  work  in  manufacturing  or  mining  or  agricultural 
industry,  but  for  something  of  a  different  type.  You  ought  to 

[43] 


THE   SUMNER    ELM— CAPITOL   GROUNDS 


have  a  fully  equipped  school  of  law,  a  complete  and  well  staffed 
school  of  political  science  and  of  economics,  and  therewith, 
also,  a  strong  school  of  history.  You  have  already  in  your 
government  departments  an  unusually  large  number  of  eminent, 
industrious,  and  distinguished  scientific  men,  who  are  one  of 
the  glories  of  Washington,  and  to  match  these  you  must  also 
have  a  like  galaxy  of  men  pursuing  those  studies,  such  as  his- 
tory, economics,  philology,  and  law,  which  are  the  complement 
of  scientific  studies.  Through  the  liberality  of  private  bene- 
factors, with  perhaps  some  aid  from  the  national  government, 
it  will  surely  be  found  possible  before  long  to  carry  out  the 
great  idea  which  the  first  President  had  when  he  urged  that  a 
university  should  be  established  in  this  city,  which  was  the 
darling  thought  and  hope  of  his  old  age.  (Applause.) 

I  have  been  invited  by  some  of  you  to  make  a  few  sugges- 


CHESTNUT   TREES    NEAR   THE    MONUMENT 


[45] 


tions  as  to  some  of  the  things  that  may  be  considered  with  a 
view  to  the  beautification  of  Washington  and  the  turning  of  its 
natural  advantages  to  the  best  account. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  observe  that  there  ought  to  be 
some  method  of  securing  a  measure  of  symmetry  and  harmony 
in  buildings.  The  public  buildings  to  be  erected  should  not  be 
planted  haphazard.  Each  building  ought  to  be  placed  with 
some  reference  to  the  others,  so  that  they  will  form,  if  possible, 
a  group  together,  and  all  go  to  make  up  a  good  general  effect. 

In  the  same  way,  when  laying  out  the  streets,  it  is  proper 
to  consider  the  lines  on  which  the  streets  may  best  be  planned, 
so  as  to  give  the  best  scenic  effect  and  so  as  to  open  up  the  best 
vistas.  It  is  well  to  make  some  streets  unusually  wide,  like 
1 6th  street,  and  to  turn  them  in  such  a  way  that  they  shall  give 


"  When  stillness  and  solitude  reign.  " — William  Cowper. 

[46] 


the  best  northwestern  and  western  evening  lights,  and,  if  pos- 
sible, a  little  piece  of  landscape  effect  at  the  end.  Nothing  is 
more  charming  than  to  see  a  bit  of  green  landscape — trees,  or  a 
grassy  slope — at  the  end  of  a  long  street  vista.  There  are  some 
streets  in  the  growing  parts  of  Washington  where  that  can  be 
usefully  done. 

I  am  far  from  suggesting  that  you  should  try  to  attain 
uniformity  in  your  buildings,  because  uniformity  usually  ends 
in  monotony.  That  can  be  seen  in  the  buildings  of  Paris. 
When  the  city  was  largely  rebuilt  by  Haussman  in  Louis  Napo- 
leon's day,  that  error  was  committed.  While  many  of  the 
boulevards  of  that  time  are  very  handsome,  one  gets  tired  of 
the  repetition  of  the  same  designs  and  structure  over  and  over 
again. 

There  is  no  doubt  something  almost  grotesque  in  the 
manner  in  which  private  houses  are  placed  side  by  side  here 


'  Where  the  COTS  is,  there  is  jJrcadia. " — John  Burroughs. 


[47] 


"  Where  live  nibbling  sheep.  "—The  Tempest,  Act  IV,  Sc.  I . 


in  Washington — a  large  and  handsome  edifice,  perhaps  in  the 
style  of  a  French  chateau,  by  the  side  of  a  mean  little  building 
of  brick,  or  perhaps  even  of  a  wooden  shack.  A  piece  of 
castellated  Romanesque  in  granite  looks  odd  beside  a  colonial 
house  in  brick  or  stucco.  Yet  even  this  oddity  is  a  better  plan 
than  the  monotony  of  modern  Paris  or  the  far  duller  monotony 
of  Harley  street  or  Gower  street  in  London. 

In  considering  the  beautifying  of  streets,  something  should 
be  done  to  take  into  account  the  possibilities  in  the  little  open 
space  triangles  that  you  have  here  in  Washington  at  the  inter- 
section of  streets  and  avenues.  They  are  very  pleasant  places 
in  the  summer  because  they  are  green;  but  surely  more  might 
be  made  in  a  decorative  way  of  them.  You  need  not  perhaps 
put  up  any  more  statues,  but  treat  these  corners  in  some  orna- 
mental fashion,  so  as  to  give  them  a  greater  landscape  value 
than  they  have  at  present. 

Questions  relating  to  the  river  and  the  Potomac  Park  con- 
stitute a  very  large  subject.  You  have,  since  the  low  ground 
along  the  Potomac  has  been  reclaimed,  a  magnificent  open 
space,  and  you  have  running  through  it  and  spread  out  below 
it  on  both  sides  of  the  island  a  magnificent  expanse  of  water 
that  is  perhaps  the  strongest  feature  in  Washington  itself  for 
scenic  purposes. 

A  great  deal  will  depend  in  the  way  in  which  that  open 
space  is  treated;  I  am  not  competent  to  criticise  the  plan  of 
the  Mall  or  the  Lincoln  Memorial,  which  has  been  so  amply  and 
interestingly  dealt  with  by  Mr.  Glenn  Brown. 

Much  thought  ought  to  be  given  to  the  treatment  of  Poto- 
mac Park,  on  this  side  the  river,  and  possibly  to  the  ground  on 
the  other  side  also,  if  you  ever  gain  power  to  control  the  other 
side,  so  as  to  produce  the  best  scenic  effects.  I  do  not  know 

F491 


ROCK   CREEK 

'A  broad  stream  foaming  over  its  stony  bed  and  wild  leafy  woods  looking 
down  on  each  side." — Bryce. 


whether  any  of  you  have  been  in  Calcutta,  but  if  so  you  will 
remember  the  only  fine  feature  of  that  rather  uninteresting  city 
is  the  broad  river  and  the  very  large,  open  grassy  park  which  is 
called  the  Meidan,  which  borders  on  it.  The  river  Hooghly 
and  the  Meidan  redeem  Calcutta.  This  park  is  a  sort  of  huge 
Meidan  for  Washington.  Ought  not  pains  to  be  taken  to  plant 
groups  of  trees,  some  large  groups  and  more  small  groups,  so 
as  to  give  fine  combinations?  One  day  these  will  grow  to  the 
size  of  old  forest  trees  and  the  effect  will  be  impressive.  We 
must  take  thought  for  even  the  distant  future,  for  we  are  trus- 
tees in  this  way  for  posterity,  and  we  want  posterity  to  think 
well  of  us.  Perhaps,  too,  a  wild  growth  of  small  shrubs  and 
herbaceous  wild  flowers  might  be  encouraged  over  parts  at  least 
of  the  space,  so  as  to  make  it  as  much  as  possible  like  a  great 
natural  park. 

Then  there  is  the  question  of  Anacostia.  Whenever  you 
go  to  Anacostia  you  feel  that  an  opportunity  has  so  far  been 
lost.  That  river  or  inlet,  as  one  may  call  it,  might  be  much 
more  valuable  for  picturesque  purposes  than  it  is  now.  Part 
of  it  might  be  dammed  up  and  reclaimed  from  the  unlovely 
swamp  that  lies  along  the  margin  of  the  deeper  water,  and  trees 
planted  on  the  side,  and  something  done  to  make  it  otherwise 
attractive,  that  it  may  be  to  southeastern  Washington  what  the 
Potomac  itself  is  to  us  at  this  end. 

All  along  on  the  other  side  of  the  Anacostia  river  you  have 
very  many  fine  sites.  The  hill  behind  Anacostia  on  the  southeast 
gives  superb  views.  Some  of  the  finest  general  prospects  of 
Washington  are  to  be  had  from  those  hills  on  the  other  side  of 
the  Anacostia  river.  Such  sites  ought  to  be  treated  so  as  to  get 
the  greatest  effect  from  them,  so  that  any  one  looking  across 
from  this  side  will  have  a  pleasing  view  presented.  Small, 

[51] 


VIEW    FROM    KLINGLE    ROAD    BRIDGE 


"The  broken  stream  flows  on  in  siloer  light." — Robert  Soulhey. 

mean  shacks  or  little  groups  of  hovels  ought  to  be  kept  off  of 
fine  sites.  To  care  for  these  things  ought  not  to  be  set  down 
to  personal  fastidiousness.  We  are  not  to  suppose  that  in  think- 
ing of  the  beauties  of  the  city  or  country  we  are  thinking  of 
ourselves  only,  for  beauty  and  ugliness  have  an  effect  upon  the 
minds  of  all  classes  of  residents.  There  are  many  places  on 
the  outskirts  of  this  city  which  have  become  sordid  and  even 
hideous,  owing  to  the  habit  of  dumping  refuse.  It  ought  to  be 
checked.  I  do  not  know  what  the  powers  of  the  District  Com- 
missioners are,  but  if  they  have  not  sufficient  power  to  stop  that 
defacement  of  nature  they  ought  to  be  given  such  power.  I 
suppose  this  refuse  could  be  burned,  and  if  so  it  certainly  should 
be  burned,  or  perhaps  buried,  so  it  would  not  offend  those  who 
walk  around  the  city  and  see  the  beauties  of  our  environs. 

[53] 


Take  the  whole  of  the  valley  of  Rock  Creek  up  as  far  as 
the  Massachusetts  Avenue  bridge,  and  from  that  further  up  to 
the  Connecticut  Avenue  bridge.  Can  there  be  anything  more 
odious,  and  even  loathsome,  than  the  dumps  on  those  slopes, 
which  I  can  remember  were  even  so  lately  as  six  years  ago 
covered  by  picturesque  trees  and  grass  and  wild  shrubs  ? 

A  reference  to  the  Potomac  leads  me  to  speak  of  the 
splendid  ridge  of  rocks  forming  the  face  of  the  hills  on  the 
Virginia  side.  They  have  been  sadly  cut  into  by  quarries,  spoil- 
ing the  natural  beauty  of  the  rocks;  but  nature  will  one  day 
repair  those  blemishes.  Perhaps  she  will  not  do  so  within  the 
lifetime  of  most  of  us,  but  in  the  course  of  years,  with  rain  and 
frost  and  vegetation,  lichens,  moss,  and  grass,  Nature  will  soften 
the  harshness  of  the  rocks  where  the  stone  has  been  taken  away, 
and  you  will  again  have  picturesque  cliffs  along  the  banks  of 
the  Potomac,  with  the  tall  trees  lifting  their  plumage  into  the 
sky  behind.  Those  are  very  valuable  elements  in  our  Wash- 
ington landscape. 

I  have  three  small  suggestions  to  make,  which  I  make 
with  diffidence,  because  many  of  you  have,  no  doubt,  thought 
of  the  same  matters  and  may  have  arrived  at  other  conclusions. 

One  is  that  it  is  desirable  if  possible  to  stop  any  further 
quarrying  on  the  Potomac  cliffs  and  to  preserve  the  trees  on  the 
top  of  those  cliffs  on  the  Virginia  side,  and  to  make  a  good 
path,  a  walking  path  or  riding  path,  or  possibly  a  not  too 
obtrusive  driving  road,  along  the  top,  looking  down  onto  the 
river,  from  which  you  could  get  fine  prospects.  The  road 
might  be  kept  a  little  back,  so  as  not  to  be  conspicuous  from 
below. 

A  second  suggestion  is  that  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Potomac  it  might  be  desirable  to  make  a  short  driving  road  by 

[54] 


"  Where  the  water  splashes  ooer  ridges  of  rock  and  twists  round  huge  boulders.  " — Bryce. 

continuing  the  road  in  Georgetown  from  where  the  station  of  the 
electric  traction  line  is,  along  to  the  point  where  you  approach 
the  water  works,  and  where  the  road  comes  up  from  below  to 
the  water  works  on  the  Great  Falls  road.  The  hill  there  is  very 
pretty,  and  it  would  be  better  if  the  ugly  shacks  that  deface  it 
in  part  were  cleared  away.  A  road  there  would  give  a  better 
approach  to  the  Reservoir  road  from  Georgetown  than  that 
at  the  foot  of  the  hill  and  would  give  a  pleasing  prospect  over 
the  river  and  beyond  it  to  the  woods  on  the  Virginia  side. 

All  the  slope  on  this  side  of  the  river  from  that  point  up 
deserves  careful  treatment.  There  are  many  beautiful  sites, 
and  if  the  ground  is  cut  up  for  rows  of  small,  mean  houses, 
and  treated  without  any  care,  a  good  many  possibilities  of 
beauty  will  be  lost.  The  land  falls  in  pretty  slopes,  and  if  the 

[551 


3tf&' 

^B"*^^^^wi  • 


"  There  are  places  where  (he  creek  w  Jeep  and  stagnant,  with  sandy  pools. " — Bryce. 

wooded  hills  which  run  up  from  the  river  levels  to  the  mass  of 
woodland  south  and  west  of  the  buildings  now  called  "The 
American  University,"  on  the  Ridge  road,  to  the  pretty  little 
parallel  valleys  that  come  down  through  these  slopes,  could  be 
kept  in  their  natural  state,  so  much  the  better.  If  they  cannot 
be  kept  in  their  natural  state,  at  any  rate  let  them  be  treated 
in  such  a  way  as  not  to  destroy  what  scenic  beauty  there  is  on 
that  side  of  the  river. 

A  third  remark  may  be  added.  Two  good  roads  are 
much  needed  to  run  across  from  the  line  of  the  Tennallytown 
and  Rockville  road  to  the  eastern  Baltimore  road  which  passes 
Bladensburg.  One  of  these  might  run  on  the  city  side  of  the 
Soldiers'  Home  and  the  other  about  a  mile  farther  out  toward 
the  District  line.  They  might  be  well  planted  with  trees,  as 

[56] 


Massachusetts  avenue  now  is,  and  make  pretty  as  well  as  serv- 
iceable boulevards  covering  a  large  arc  of  the  circle  of  the  city. 

That  leads  me  to  observe  that  it  is  becoming  important 
to  preserve  the  few  best  general  views  over  Washington.  Per- 
haps the  finest  of  all  is  from  Arlington.  Those  who  know  the 
Ridge  road,  already  referred  to,  and  the  so-called  American 
University  know  the  road  that  comes  down  as  a  prolongation 
of  the  Ridge  road  all  the  way  to  behind  the  west  end  of  George- 
town, northwest  of  the  Georgetown  University.  There  are 
several  charming  points  of  view  on  that  road  toward  its  southern 
end,  points  from  which  you  see  over  the  city  and  1 5  or  20  miles 
or  more  into  Maryland  and  Virginia.  These  are  among  the 
most  beautiful  views  around  Washington,  and  it  would  be  very 
easy  to  spoil  those  views  by  putting  up  rows  of  houses  which 
would  make  it  impossible  to  see  them  from  the  road. 

May  I  mention  another  point  of  view  that  is  now  threat- 
ened and  perhaps  almost  gone?  You  all  know  the  spot  at 
which  Wisconsin  avenue  (up  which  the  cars  run  to  Tennally- 
town  and  the  District  line)  intersects  Massachusetts  avenue, 
which  has  now  been  extended  beyond  that  intersection  into  the 
country.  At  that  point  of  intersection,  just  opposite  where  the 
Episcopal  Cathedral  is  to  stand,  there  is  one  spot  commanding 
what  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  general  views  of  Washington. 
You  look  down  upon  the  city,  you  see  its  most  striking  build- 
ings— the  Capitol,  the  Library,  State,  War,  and  Navy  Depart- 
ment, and  the  Post-Office  and  other  high  buildings  along  Penn- 
sylvania avenue — and  beyond  them  you  see  the  great  silvery 
flood  of  the  Potomac  and  the  soft  lines  fading  away  in  dim 
outline  in  the  far  southeast.  It  is  a  delightful  and  inspiring 
view.  It  is  a  view  that  reminds  one  of  some  of  those  ample 
orospects  over  Rome  which  the  traveler  is  able  to  obtain  from 


THE    BRIDGE    ON    THE    MILITARY    ROAD 


St.  Peter  Montorio,  on  the  Tuscan  side  of  the  Tiber,  or  from 
Monte  Mario. 

All  that  piece  of  land  is  being  now  cut  up,  and  according 
to  present  appearances  houses  will  be  built  there  immediately, 
and  after  two  years  nobody  will  ever  see  that  view  again 
except  from  the  tower  of  the  cathedral  when  erected.  Can  it 
be  saved? 

There  may  be  other  views  of  Washington  that  are  as  good, 
but  there  is  none  better.  It  is  a  view  that  speaks  not  only  to 
the  eye,  but  to  the  imagination  also.  The  top  of  the  slope 
ought  to  have  been  turned  into  a  public  park,  and  the  houses 
below  kept  at  such  a  height  that  if  they  were  to  be  built  they 
would  not  obstruct  the  view  from  above. 

Of  course  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  all  of  that  piece  of 
land  on  both  sides  of  Massachusetts  avenue  and  especially  the 
part  between  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  avenues,  was  not 
kept  for  the  Washington  of  the  future.  It  is  one  of  the  saddest 
things  we  have  seen,  the  way  in  which  that  beautiful  bit  of 
woodland  country  between  Massachusetts  avenue  and  Connec- 
ticut avenue,  where  some  of  us  used  to  take  our  favorite  recrea- 
tion under  the  leafy  boughs,  listening  to  the  songs  of  the  birds 
in  spring  and  to  the  murmuring  of  the  little  brooks  that  purled 
down  the  hollows,  to  know  that  this  tract  has  now  been  leveled, 
the  tiny  glens  filled  up  and  the  brooks  turned  into  subterranean 
drains.  It  will  soon  be  covered  with  villas  or  rows  of  dwellings, 
and  30  years  hence  no  one  will  know  how  charming  that  side 
of  Washington  was. 

From  these  vain  regrets  let  me  turn  to  say  something  more 
about  Rock  Creek,  where  there  is  still  time  to  save  beauties  that 
are  threatened.  To  Rock  Creek  there  is  nothing  comparable 
in  any  capital  city  of  Europe.  What  city  in  the  world  is  there 

[59] 


ROSEDALE."    BUILT    IN    1746 


THE    "HIGHLANDS."    WISCONSIN    AVENUE 

V 

where  a  man  living  in  a  house  like  that  in  which  we  are  meeting, 
in  1 8th  street,  can  within  less  than  1 0  minutes  by  car  and  within 
a  quarter  of  an  hour  on  his  own  feet  get  into  a  beautiful  rocky 
glen,  such  as  you  would  find  in  the  woods  of  Maine  or  Scotland 
— a  winding,  rocky  glen,  with  a  broad  stream  foaming  over  its 
stony  bed  and  wild  leafy  woods  looking  down  on  each  side, 
where  you  not  only  have  a  carriage  road  at  the  bottom,  but 
an  inexhaustible  variety  of  footpaths,  where  you  can  force  your 
way  through  thickets  and  test  your  physical  ability  in  climbing 
up  and  down  steep  slopes,  and  in  places  scaling  the  faces  of 
bold  cliffs,  all  that  you  have  in  Rock  Creek  Park.  And  yet  I  am 
told  that  a  good  deal  of  the  land  behind  Rock  Creek  Park  is 
being  sold  for  building  purposes.  The  beauty  of  a  portion  of 
the  park  has  already  been  spoiled  at  the  place  where  the 

[611 


Mt.  Pleasant  road  goes  down  into  the  park  toward  Pierce's  Mill, 
by  the  erection  of  a  row  of  not  too  beautiful  houses.  A  great 
deal  of  the  land  which  lies  northwest  of  Rock  Creek  Park, 
toward  Connecticut  avenue,  does  not  belong  to  the  District,  I 
understand. 

Yet  it  is  quite  essential  to  the  beauty  of  Rock  Creek  Park 
that  that  tract  of  charming  woodland  should  not  be  built  upon. 
The  builder  has  been  stealing  steadily  forward  to  the  edge  of 
the  park.  Before  long  much  of  this  tract  will  be  covered 
with  buildings.  There  is  still  time  to  stop  that.  There  is  still 
time  to  see  that  all  that  is  not  yet  touched  by  buildings — at 
least  that  land  between  Connecticut  avenue  and  Rock  Creek, 
on  the  one  side,  and  between  Rock  Creek  and  the  continuation  of 
Georgia  avenue,  toward  Silver  Spring,  on  the  other — and,  above 


"MONTPELIER."    IN    THE    MARYLAND    SUBURBS 

[62] 


ON    THE   OLD    RIVER    ROAD 


all,  to  see  to  it  that  the  valley  of  the  creek  itself,  which  is  now 
thickly  wooded,  shall  be  kept  forever  as  a  part  of  the  Rock 
Creek  Park. 

I  should  like  to  go  even  further — although  perhaps  I  am 
indulging  in  aspirations  and  not  sufficiently  thinking  of  appro- 
priations— and  consecrate  the  whole  of  Rock  Creek  valley  for 
10  or  12  miles  above  Washington  to  the  public.  It  is  a  very 
beautiful  valley.  If  you  will  take  the  Chevy  Chase  car  until  it 
crosses  Rock  Creek  and  then  follow  the  creek  up  toward  the 
west  for  a  few  miles,  and  then  turn  back  to  the  car  line  afore- 
said and  follow  the  creek  down  the  whole  way  till  you  strike 
the  Military  road,  below  Fort  Stevens,  you  will  pass  through  a 
variety  of  river  and  woodland  scenery  which  it  is  extraordinary 
to  find  so  close  to  a  great  city.  Along  one  part  of  the  stream 

[63J 


"CLEAN   DRINKING   MANOR."  BUILT  IN    175O 

there  are  places  where  the  creek  is  deep  and  stagnant,  with 
sandy  pools;  at  other  places  the  water  runs  swiftly,  and  there 
are  ripples  in  the  stream  and  many  tiny  cascades,  where  the 
water  splashes  over  ridges  of  rock  and  twists  round  huge 
boulders.  You  will  find  an  endless  variety  of  beauty.  Some 
day  or  other  such  a  piece  of  scenery  will  be  of  infinite  value 
to  the  people  of  Washington,  who  want  to  refresh  their  souls 
with  the  charms  of  Nature.  All  along  the  creek  they  will  see 
a  great  many  water-loving  birds — kingfishers  and  ousels  and 
others  too  numerous  to  mention.  All  along  the  slopes  and  in 
the  meadows  by  the  stream  they  can  find  a  great  many  beautiful 
wild  flowers.  I  have  found  some  quite  uncommon  and  most 
lovely  wild  flowers  growing  there  in  the  spring.  There  are  leafy 
glades  where  a  man  can  go  and  lie  down  on  a  bed  of  leaves 

[64] 


ON    THE    CONDUIT    ROAD 


and  listen  for  hours  to  the  birds  singing  and  forget  there  is  such 
a  place  as  Washington  and  such  a  thing  as  politics  within  eight 
miles  of  him. 

These  things  you  have  now  still  left,  though  daily  threat- 
ened, and  what  a  pity  it  would  be  to  lose  them!  At  this 
moment  the  value  of  the  outlying  land  I  have  referred  to  would 
not  be  very  high.  A  good  deal  of  it  is  not  very  suitable  for 
buildings.  A  good  deal  of  it  is  not  used  to  any  extent  for 
agriculture. 

While  on  that  subject  I  would  like  to  refer  to  still  another 
matter  which  has  been  mooted  by  those  who  are  interested  in 
public  parks.  It  has  found  some  favor  in  Baltimore  and  de- 
serves to  find  favor  here.  That  is  the  creation  of  a  large  forest 
reserve  between  Washington  and  Baltimore,  within,  say,  25 

[65] 


IN    ROCK    CREEK    PARK 


miles  of  this  city.  There  are  lovely  pieces  of  woodland  on  the 
Maryland  side  of  the  Potomac,  behind  Cabin  John  Bridge  and 
above  Cabin  John,  running  along  toward  the  neighborhood  of 
Rockville.  There  is  not  much  heavy  timber,  so  the  woods, 
though  very  pretty,  cannot  be  of  much  pecuniary  value.  The 
land  is  not  very  valuable  for  agricultural  purposes,  or  it  would 
have  been  turned  into  cultivation.  So  far  as  appears,  nothing 
has  been  done  or  is  being  done  with  the  land  to  make  much 
profit  out  of  it.  There  are  many  other  pieces  of  woodland 
of  great  beauty  farther  to  the  northeast  and  east.  Most  if 
not  all  of  those  woods  could  be  bought  at  moderate  prices. 
They  could  be  managed  so  as  to  bring  in  a  revenue  which  would 
with  good  forestry  methods  perhaps  return  a  profit,  or  at  any 
rate  pay  the  cost  of  administration.  What  a  thing  it  would  be 

[66] 


for  the  people  of  Baltimore  and  Washington  to  have  an  immense 
open  space  like  that,  where  they  could  go  out  on  Saturdays 
and  Sundays,  especially  in  the  summer  months;  where  they 
could  wander  about,  have  their  picnic  parties,  and  enjoy  these 
pleasures  of  nature,  which  are  the  simplest  and  purest  that  God 
has  bestowed  upon  his  creatures  the  capacity  of  enjoying. 

Now,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  you  may  say  this  is  all  very 
fine  and  pretty,  but  where  are  the  funds  to  come  from?  Well, 
considering  that  the  District  of  Columbia  is  Uncle  Sam's  prop- 
erty, and  that  his  purse  is  a  deep  one,  and  that  a  wide-open 
region  for  recreation  will  become  more  and  more  valuable,  and 
the  obtaining  it  more  and  more  costly  as  time  goes  on,  what 
you  have  got  to  do  is  to  educate  public  opinion  and  induce 
Congress  to  spend  a  moderate  sum  for  this  purpose,  while  the 
people  of  Baltimore  induce  their  city  and  the  State  of  Maryland 
to  do  the  like.  No  people  is  really  more  idealistic  than  the 
American  people,  and  if  you  once  get  hold  of  their  imagination 
and  appeal  to  their  sense  of  the  ideal,  they  will  respond. 

You  probably  remember  the  old  tale — I  will  not  call  it  a 
threadbare  story,  but  a  time-honored  story — of  the  sibyl  who 
came  to  King  Tarquin  with  nine  books  of  prophecies  to  sell, 
and  how  when  she  named  their  price  the  king  said  it  was  too 
much.  She  went  away  and  burned  three  of  the  books  and 
came  back,  and  still  the  king  said  the  price  was  too  much,  and 
she  went  away  and  burned  three  more  and  came  back  with 
only  three  books  and  asked  him  to  buy  those,  and  then  the  king 
perceived  there  was  more  in  the  matter  than  he  had  supposed 
and  gave  her  the  price  for  the  three  that  she  had  originally 
asked  for  the  nine  and  regretted  that  the  other  six  had  been 
destroyed.  Those  three  contained  predictions  and  warnings 
which  made  the  greatness  of  Rome.  Who  can  tell  how  much 

[67] 


BROOK    NEAR    CHAIN     BRIDGE 


longer  the  Roman  Empire  would  have  lasted  if  Tarquin  had 
bought  the  whole  nine. 

So  some  day  the  people  are  going  to  set  the  true  value 
upon  all  these  things — these  spots  of  beauty  around  Washington 
and  all  the  tract  behind  the  Rock  Creek  valley  and  these  wood- 
lands I  have  spoken  of.  When  that  day  comes  one  of  two 
things  will  happen :  Those  who  come  after  you  will  either  have 
to  pay  far  more  for  these  pieces  of  ground  than  would  have  to 
be  paid  now,  or  else  men  will  mourn  in  vain  over  opportunities 
of  enjoyment  forever  lost.  This  is  the  favorable  moment. 
The  value  of  land  near  this  great  and  growing  city  is  rising 
every  day.  If  you  can  but  convince  those  who  hold  the  purse- 
strings,  it  will  be  good  business  to  buy  now  and  dedicate  to  the 
public  for  all  time  to  come. 


'Woodsy  and  mild  and  lonesome."--].  G.  Whiltier. 

[69] 


The  trouble  has  been  with  you  that  you  have  not  been 
sufficiently  hopeful  in  those  past  years  during  which  wealth  and 
population  were  growing  all  through  the  1 9th  century.  It  may 
seem  strange  to  say  so  to  an  American  audience,  because  you 
are  supposed,  and  rightly,  to  be  the  most  sanguine  of  peoples. 
Nevertheless,  you  have  never  sufficiently  foreseen  how  enor- 
mously rich  and  populous  a  nation  you  are  going  to  be. 

I  read  lately  a  book  in  which  an  European  traveller  de- 
scribed the  site  of  Washington  as  it  was  in  1  795.  He  said  it 
consisted  of  woods,  through  which  he  could  not  find  his  way 
from  the  village  of  Georgetown  to  the  spot  where  now  stands 
the  Capitol.  Just  think  what  has  been  done  since  that  time! 
Look  at  the  pace  at  which  your  city  has  been  growing.  Within 
the  last  six  years  it  seems  to  me  it  has  extended  itself  half  a 
mile  further  into  the  country  in  every  direction,  covering  what 
were  then  fields  and  woods  with  streets  and  squares. 

As  the  result  of  the  amazing  growth  of  the  United  States 
you  are  going  to  have  an  enormous  capital,  even  if  it  has  no 
large  industries.  We  made  the  mistake  in  London  of  not  fore- 
seeing how  London  would  grow.  When  we  began  80  years 
ago  to  build  railway  stations  we  made  little  tiny  stations,  not 
realizing  that  the  country  and  with  it  London  were  going  to 
grow  enormously,  and  that  far  more  space  would  be  needed 
for  our  increased  traffic.  It  seems  strange  now  that  every  man 
of  sense  did  not  foresee  this  growth  and  the  need  for  preparing 
to  meet  it. 

People  ought  to  have  realized  80  years  ago  what  the 
progress  of  modern  science  was  certain  to  achieve,  what  rail- 
roads were  going  to  become,  what  larger  facilities  for  trans- 
portation were  sure  to  be  required,  how  coal  and  steam  power 
were  going  to  increase  wealth  and  industry,  and  how  population 

[70] 


"Murmuring  through  pleasant  nooks-" — J.  R.  Lowell. 

would  multiply.  Whether  any  European  countries  will  continue 
to  grow  as  fast  in  the  future  as  Britain  and  Germany  have  grown 
during  the  past  80  years,  I  will  not  venture  to  conjecture;  but 
about  the  continuing  increase  of  wealth  and  population  here  in 
the  United  States  there  can  be  no  doubt  at  all. 

That  increase  seems  destined  to  continue  here  for  at  least 
a  century  and  a  half  or  two  centuries  to  come,  and  at  the  end 
of  that  time  no  one  can  tell  what  your  population  may  have 
become.  That  is  the  reason  why  you  should  think  about  these 
things  now  and  make  your  preparations  for  the  future.  The 
only  man  who  seems  to  have  foreseen  the  greatness  of  this 
city,  so  far  as  I  can  learn,  was  George  Washington  himself. 
Although  he  died  before  Louisiana  was  purchased  and  long 
before  you  acquired  territory  on  the  Pacific  coast,  he  appears  to 

[71] 


"He  wbo  marvels  at  the  beauty  of  the  world  in  summer  will  find  equal  cause  for  admiration  in  winter." 

— John  Burroughs. 


have  realized  that  this  was  going  to  be  an  enormous  country 
and  ought  to  have  a  grand  capital,  and  you  ought  to  go  back 
to  his  ideals  and  render  the  greatest  tribute  you  can  render  to 
his  immortal  memory. 

What  you  have  got  to  do  is  to  make  the  nation  feel  that 
it  has  a  real  living  interest  in  Washington.  Make  the  man 
from  Maine  and  from  Minnesota  and  from  Florida  feel  that 
Washington  belongs  to  him.  It  is  not  those  only  who  live  here 
in  Washington  that  are  the  owners  of  Washington,  but  these 
men  also  who  dwell  all  over  the  country.  Many  of  them,  and 
all  their  representatives,  come  here  every  year,  and  as  they 
are  proud  of  the  nation  they  ought  also  to  feel  proud  of  their 
nation's  capital. 

That  may  seem  a  large  task  for  you  to  undertake,  but  you 
will  address  yourselves  to  it,  and  I  cannot  doubt  that  you  will 
succeed,  and  I  wish  I  could  hope  to  be  still  here  to  witness  your 
success. 

Having  lived  in  this  city  among  you  with  so  much  hap- 
piness and  enjoyment  during  the  past  six  years,  it  is  with  deep 
regret  that  my  wife  and  I  are  now  preparing  to  depart  from 
you.  But,  remembering  the  unceasing  and  unvarying  kindness 
we  have  received  from  all  of  you  here  in  Washington,  we  shall 
recall  those  six  years  with  constant  pleasure,  continuing  to 
cherish  the  recollection  of  our  Washington  friends,  and  our 
hopes  and  wishes  will  always  be  with  those  who  are  striving  to 
make  Washington  beautiful,  and  a  capital  worthy  of  the  majesty 
of  this  mighty  nation. 


[73 


'/  wonder  if  the  snon  looes  the  trees  and  fields,  that  it  kisses  them  so  gently. " — Lewis  Carroll 


LYON'S    MILL  VALLEY 


CANAL    LOCK    AT    GREAT    FALLS 


COMMITTEE  OF  ONE  HUNDRED  ON  THE 

FUTURE  DEVELOPMENT  OF 

WASHINGTON 


LOCK    NEAR   CABIN   JOHN 


BROADWATER   ON    THE  CANAL 


THE  COMMITTEE  OF  ONE  HUNDRED  ON  THE  FUTURE  DE- 
VELOPMENT OF  WASHINGTON  was  organized  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  Washington  Chamber  of  Commerce,  but  its  mem- 
bership is  not  limited  to  members  of  that  body.  Its  main 
object  is  the  development  of  the  Nation's  Capital  along  the 
lines  of  the  plan  approved  by  George  Washington  and,  later, 
expanded  by  the  Park  Commission.  The  Committee  regards 
as  imperative  the  official  adoption  of  a  comprehensive  plan 
and,  as  no  less  imperative,  the  conformity  of  all  individual 
improvements  to  that  plan.  It  welcomes  and  seeks  to  advance 
all  projects  that  conduce  to  the  seemly  improvement  of  the 
city  and  to  the  welfare  of  its  inhabitants.  In  its  work  the 
Committee  has  the  effective  support  of  a  large  number  of 
Commercial,  Civic,  and  Art  Societies  throughout  the  United 
States. 

[79] 


'A  pleasant  nook  in  a  pleasant  land." — R.  W.  Emerson. 


THE  COMMITTEE  OF  ONE  HUNDRED 
ON  THE  FUTURE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  WASHINGTON. 


Glenn  Brown, 

Chairman 

Wen.  E.  Shannon, 

Vice-  Chairman 

Thos.  Grant, 

Secretary 

Milton  E.  Ailes 
John  Barrett 
Chas.  J.  Bell 
Ira  E.  Bennett 
Emil  Berliner 
Ernest  Bicknell 
Miss  Mabel  Boardman 
William  W.  Bride 
Chapin  Brown 

D.  J.  Callahan 
C.  C.  Calhoun 

Dr.  Mitchell  Carroll 
Frank  G.  Carpenter 
Wm.  McK.  Clayton 
Fred  G.  Coldren 
C.  I.  Corby 

Andrew  Wright  Crawford 
C.  Grosvenor  Dawe 
Leon  E.  Dessez 
John  Dolph 

E.  H.  Droop 
John  Joy  Edson 
Dwight  L.  Elmendorf 
Fred  A.  Emery 
Wm.  Phelps  Eno 
Wm.  John  Eynon 
W.  W.  Finley 

W.  T.  Galliher 
Julius  Garnnkle 
Cass  Gilbert 


Col.  F.  C.  Goldsborough 

E.  C.  Graham 
Gilbert  H.  Grosvenor 
Wm.  F.  Gude 

Rt.  Rev.  Alfred  Harding 
Col.  Chester  Harding 
Walter  S.  Harban 

F.  J.  Haskin 
Geo.  W.  Harris 
Rev.  J.  J.  Himmel 
Wm.  D.  Hoover 
Archibald  Hopkins 
Mrs.  Archibald  Hopkins 
Hennen  Jennings 
General  John  A.  Johnston 
Col.  W.  V.  Judson 
Louis  Kann 

John  B.  Lamer 

John  C.  Letts 

Francis  E.  Leupp 

Isaac  F.  Marcoson 

Hon.  H.  B.F.Macfarland 

J.  Rush  Marshall 

John  G.  McGrath 

Dr.  James  Dudley  Morgan 

Chas.  R.  Miller 

Miss  Leila  Mechlin 

E.  P.  Mertz 

Theodore  W.  Noyes 

Chas.  D.  Norton 

Frank  B.  Noyes 

Robert  Lincoln  O'Brien 

Captain  James  F.  Oyster 

J.  C.  O'Laughlin 

Thomas  Nelson  Page 


Arthur  Jeffrey  Parsons 
Hon.  Henry  Kirke  Porter 
John  Poole 

Rev.  Dr.  Wallace  Radcliffe 
Dr.  Chas.  W.  Richardson 
Mrs.  Chas.  W.  Richardson 

A.  G.  Robinson 

Hon.  Cuno  H.  Rudolph 

Rt.  Rev.  Monsignor  W.  T.  Russell 

B.  F.  Saul 
Montgomery  Schuyler 

Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.Thos.  Shahan,D.D. 

Mrs.  W.  Cummings  Story 

Dr.  James  Brown  Scott 

Dr.  Frank  Sewell 

James  Sharp 

Rabbi  Abram  Simon,  Ph.  D. 

Emmons  S.  Smith 

W.  J.  Starr 

Hon.  Wendell  Phillips  Stafford 

Edw.  J.  Stellwagen 

Rear  Admiral  Chas.  B.  Stockton 

Frank  Sutton 

Samuel  Walter  Taylor 

George  Oakley  Totten 

Rev.  John  Van  Schaick,  Jr. 

Mrs.  Herbert  Wadsworth 

Dr.  Chas.  D.  Walcott 

F.  A.  Walker 

Richard  B.  Watrous 

John  L.  Weaver 

Rev.  W.  R.  Wedderspoon 

Geo.  W.  White 

Mrs.  S.  A.  Willis 

A.  S.  Worthington 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

405  Hilgard  Avenue,  Los  Angeles,  CA  90024-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library 

from  which  it  was  borrowed. 


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